Is Nipple Piercing Safe in Breastfeeding

I am a breastfeeding mother and i want to know if it is safe to use Nipple Piercing? Is Nipple Piercing safe for nursing mother and child? Does Nipple Piercing extracts into breast milk? Does Nipple Piercing has any long term or short term side effects on infants? Can Nipple Piercing influence milk supply or can Nipple Piercing decrease milk supply in lactating mothers?

Although controlled studies have not been performed, piercing of the nipples seems to not interfere with lactation in most cases,[1][2] although poor latching, and milk leakage from the infant's mouth have been reported.[3] Some breast jewelry may pierce the areola as well as the nipple. Reversible hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea occurred in two individuals who developed infections of the nipple and mastitis. Infections are estimated to occur after 10% to 20% of nipple piercings. Healing time after nipple piercing is 6 to 12 months, and up to a year longer if infection or trauma occur. Occasionally, mastitis occurs after piercing.[4] A theoretical concern is aspiration of the nipple jewelry by the nursing infant and injury of the infant's mouth and gums. Although these complications apparently have not been reported, nipple jewelry should be removed before nursing,[3][5][6] and preferably during the entire duration of breastfeeding.[7]

Nipple piercing has caused mastitis in nursing and nonnursing women and at least one man.[3][6][8][9] In some of these patients, hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea resulted. After removal of the jewelry and treatment of mastitis, hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea subsided.[8][9] However, in a study of 11 individuals who had pierced nipples for an average of 4 years (range 2.5 to 12 years) without mastitis, serum prolactin values were in the normal range.[10] Nipple piercing has also been associated with decreased lactation in nursing mothers caused by duct obstruction[1] and milk leakage through the piercing tract.[3]